Islamic Trust Malaysia: Faraid and Wasiat Guide 马来西亚伊斯兰信托：Faraid与Wasiat完整指南

By TrusteeMalaysia.com Editorial Team | Published: June 10, 2026 作者：TrusteeMalaysia.com 编辑团队 | 发布时间：2026年6月10日

1. Syariah Law and Islamic Estate Planning in Malaysia 1. 马来西亚伊斯兰教法与伊斯兰遗产规划

In Malaysia, the estate planning and administration for Muslims are governed by Syariah law (Islamic jurisprudence) administered by the State Syariah Courts. Unlike non-Muslim estate planning, which is governed by civil statutes like the Wills Act 1959 and the Distribution Act 1958, Muslim estate distribution is regulated by divine law. The default distribution framework is Faraid. Without proactive estate planning, a Muslim's estate is divided strictly according to Faraid proportions among specific Quranic heirs, which can sometimes lead to unintended outcomes for dependents who are not primary heirs. 在马来西亚，穆斯林的遗产规划和管理由各州伊斯兰教法庭管理的伊斯兰教法（Syariah Law）管辖。与由《1959年遗嘱法令》和《1958年分配法令》等民事法律管辖的非穆斯林遗产规划不同，穆斯林的遗产分配受伊斯兰教法典规管。默认的分配框架是“Faraid”。如果在生前未进行积极的遗产规划，穆斯林的遗产将严格按照Faraid规定的比例在特定的古兰经继承人之间进行分配，这有时可能会对非主要继承人的供养人造成非预期的负面后果。

2. The Rule of Wasiat (Islamic Will) and Its Limitations 2. Wasiat（伊斯兰遗嘱）规则及其限制

A Wasiat is an Islamic Will where a Muslim testates their assets for distribution after death. However, under Syariah law, a Wasiat is subject to two critical restrictions: Wasiat是一份伊斯兰遗嘱，穆斯林在其中表明死后资产分配的愿望。然而，根据伊斯兰教法，Wasiat受到两个至关重要的限制：

• The One-Third Rule: A Muslim can only bequeath a maximum of one-third (1/3) of their net estate to non-Faraid heirs (such as adopted children, foster children, charities, or non-Muslim relatives). The remaining two-thirds (2/3) must distribute strictly via Faraid. 三分之一法则：穆斯林只能向非Faraid继承人（例如收养的子女、寄养的子女、慈善机构或非穆斯林亲属）遗赠最多三分之一（1/3）的净遗产。剩下的三分之二（2/3）必须严格通过Faraid进行分配。
• No Bequests to Faraid Heirs: You cannot make a bequest in a Wasiat to anyone who is already a Faraid heir (e.g. spouse, parents, biological children) unless all other Faraid heirs give their unanimous consent after your passing. If even one heir objects, the bequest to that heir is void. 不能遗赠给Faraid继承人：您不能在Wasiat中向已经是Faraid继承人的任何人（例如配偶、父母、亲生子女）进行遗赠，除非所有其他Faraid继承人在您去世后一致同意。如果哪怕有一个继承人反对，对该继承人的遗赠也是无效的。

Because of these rigid limitations, a Wasiat is not a sufficient tool to secure a customized distribution (such as leaving a larger share to a daughter or ensuring a wife keeps the family home). To achieve this, Muslims must utilize other legal instruments, primarily Hibah. 由于这些硬性限制，Wasiat并不是实现定制化分配的充分工具（例如向女儿分配更多份额，或确保妻子保留家庭住宅）。为了实现这些目标，穆斯林必须利用其他法律工具，主要是“Hibah”。

3. The Power of Hibah (Gift) and Hibah Trusts 3. Hibah（赠与）及Hibah信托的作用

Hibah is an inter vivos gift made during the lifetime of the donor. Under Syariah principles, a Muslim has the absolute right to gift any amount of their assets to anyone during their lifetime. Once a valid Hibah is executed, the gifted asset is removed from the donor's estate. Upon the donor's passing, this asset is not subject to Faraid distribution rules, nor does it form part of the estate requiring a Grant of Probate or Letters of Administration. Hibah是在赠与人生前进行的一种生前赠与。根据伊斯兰教法原则，穆斯林有绝对权利在其有生之年将任何数量的资产赠送给任何人。一旦执行了有效的Hibah，赠送的资产即被移出赠与人的遗产范围。赠与人去世后，该资产不受Faraid分配规则约束，亦不属于需要申请遗嘱认证或遗产管理书的遗产的一部分。

To ensure that the gifted assets are managed responsibly, Muslims combine Hibah with a trust structure—creating a Hibah Trust. The donor transfers the asset (such as property, cash, or insurance policies) via Hibah to a corporate trustee to hold on trust. The trust deed outlines that during the donor's lifetime, the donor retains the beneficial enjoyment (e.g. residing in the property or receiving rental income). Upon the donor's death, the trustee distributes the asset immediately to the specified beneficiaries, protecting the family from Faraid delays and fractional disputes. 为了确保赠予的资产得到负责任的管理，穆斯林会将Hibah与信托结构结合起来——从而创立“Hibah信托”。赠与人通过Hibah将资产（如房产、现金或保单）转移给法人受托机构以信托方式持有。信托契约规定，在赠与人有生之年，赠与人保留受益权（例如居住在该房产中或收取租金收入）。赠与人去世后，受托人立即将资产分配给指定的受益人，从而保护家庭免受Faraid分配延迟和零碎股份纠纷的影响。

4. Setting Up an Islamic Estate Plan: Steps and Costs 4. 设立伊斯兰遗产规划：步骤与费用

Structuring an Islamic estate plan in Malaysia requires checking both civil laws and Syariah principles to ensure legal and religious validity. The process involves: 在马来西亚构建伊斯兰遗产规划，需要兼顾民事法律和伊斯兰教法原则，以确保法律和宗教层面的双重有效性。该流程包括：

1. Consultation: Meet with a certified Islamic financial planner or Syariah consultant to review your assets and family structure. 咨询：与认证的伊斯兰财务规划师或伊斯兰教法（Syariah）顾问会面，审查您的资产和家庭结构。
2. Drafting Wasiat and Hibah Documents: Draft the Wasiat for the 1/3 portion if relevant, and draft the Hibah declaration and trust deed for the remaining assets. 起草Wasiat和Hibah文件：起草针对三分之一（1/3）部分的Wasiat（如果相关），并起草其余资产的Hibah声明和信托契约。
3. Asset Transfer / Assignment: Transfer properties or assign insurance policies to the corporate trustee. 资产转移/转让：将房产转移或将保单转让给法人受托人。
4. Syariah Court Verification: For property Hibah, it is recommended to register the transfer and obtain a Syariah Court confirmation of Hibah validity during your lifetime. 伊斯兰教法庭验证：对于房产Hibah，建议在您生前登记该转移并获得伊斯兰教法庭对Hibah有效性的确认。

The cost to setup an Islamic estate plan varies. A standard Wasiat typically costs between RM300 to RM1,500. Establishing a comprehensive Hibah Trust (for cash, property, or insurance) typically ranges from RM6,000 to RM18,000, depending on the asset types and distribution details. Annual maintenance fees generally range from RM1,500 to RM3,500. Given the legal protection and family harmony it preserves, it is a critical investment for Muslim families. 设立伊斯兰遗产规划的费用有所不同。一份标准的Wasiat通常在300令吉至1,500令吉之间。设立一个综合的Hibah信托（针对现金、房产或保险）通常需要6,000令吉至18,000令吉，具体取决于资产类型和分配明细。年度维护费一般在1,500令令吉至3,500令令吉之间。鉴于其能提供卓越的法律保护和维护家庭和谐，这是穆斯林家庭的一项关键投资。

Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. 免责声明：本内容仅供学习参考之用，并不构成任何法律或财务建议。

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